听力与言语-语言病理学

行为科学

医学伦理学

你正在浏览ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES期刊下所有文献
  • In vitro techniques for the assessment of neurotoxicity.

    abstract::Risk assessment is a process often divided into the following steps: a) hazard identification, b) dose-response assessment, c) exposure assessment, and d) risk characterization. Regulatory toxicity studies usually are aimed at providing data for the first two steps. Human case reports, environmental research, and in v...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s1131

    authors: Harry GJ,Billingsley M,Bruinink A,Campbell IL,Classen W,Dorman DC,Galli C,Ray D,Smith RA,Tilson HA

    更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00

  • Relative potency of xenobiotic estrogens in an acute in vivo mammalian assay.

    abstract::The in vivo effects of xenoestrogens are of interest in relation to their potential health risks and/or beneficial effects on humans and animals. However, the apparent in vivo potency of the examined response can be confounded by a short half-life, and the metabolism of estrogens is very dependent on the nature of con...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.9810623

    authors: Milligan SR,Balasubramanian AV,Kalita JC

    更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00

  • Health advisories for consumers of Great Lakes sport fish: is the message being received?

    abstract::Nationwide, 45 states issue health advisories for sport fish consumers. Chemical contaminants in some Great Lakes (GL) sport fish include compounds suspected of causing adverse reproductive and developmental effects. Although advisories to reduce consumption of contaminated fish, especially by women, have been issued ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.971051360

    authors: Tilden J,Hanrahan LP,Anderson H,Palit C,Olson J,Kenzie WM

    更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00

  • Risk estimation for badge-monitored radiation workers.

    abstract::In estimating the cancer mortality risk for radiation workers it is conventional to use data obtained from the populations exposed to radiation as a result of the atomic bomb blast in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This A-bomb experience resulted in relatively high doses of radiation and short periods of exposure. The availa...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s61603

    authors: Stewart A

    更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00

  • Two-year follow up study of stress-related disorders among immigrants to Israel from the Chernobyl area.

    abstract::We report on findings from a 2-year follow-up study of immigrants originating from exposed areas around the site of the 1986 Chernobyl accident matched with comparison subjects emigrating from other republics in the Confederation of Independent States. In the initial study of 708 immigrants, the samples were matched b...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s61545

    authors: Cwikel J,Abdelgani A,Goldsmith JR,Quastel M,Yevelson II

    更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00

  • Additional thyroid dose factor from transportation sources in Russia after the Chernobyl disaster.

    abstract::Beginning approximately 4 years after the Chernobyl nuclear accident a steady increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer was observed in children and adolescents of the Bryansk Oblast, which received the highest level of radionuclide contaminants in Russia. We examined the spatial relationship between the residence l...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s61491

    authors: Parshkov EM,Chebotareva IV,Sokolov VA,Dallas CE

    更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00

  • Ultramorphological sperm characteristics in the risk assessment of health effects after radiation exposure among salvage workers in Chernobyl.

    abstract::We present a pilot study of individuals (liquidators) who were engaged in clean-up operations after the disaster at the nuclear power plant at Chernobyl in Ukraine. In the 10 years since the disaster, adverse health effects among exposed individuals have not been clearly defined. There is widespread fear of damage to ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s61445

    authors: Fischbein A,Zabludovsky N,Eltes F,Grischenko V,Bartoov B

    更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00

  • Considerations in assigning dose based on uncertainties from in vivo counting.

    abstract::Lung counting is highly geometry dependent, especially at low photon energies. Monte Carlo simulations have been used to determine the magnitude of the errors obtained if it is assumed that the deposition is homogeneous, when in fact it is not. Simulation for a germanium lung counting system consisting of four, 70 mm ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s61393

    authors: Kramer GH

    更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00

  • Human pulmonary responses to experimental inhalation of high concentration fine and ultrafine magnesium oxide particles.

    abstract::Exposure to air polluted with particles less than 2.5 micron in size is associated epidemiologically with adverse cardiopulmonary health consequences in humans. The goal of this study was to characterize human pulmonary responses to controlled experimental high-dose exposure to fine and ultrafine magnesium oxide parti...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.971051234

    authors: Kuschner WG,Wong H,D'Alessandro A,Quinlan P,Blanc PD

    更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00

  • Is it worth a dam?

    abstract::Once a sign of modernization and growth, dams are often seen today as symbols of environmental and social devastation. Over 800,000 dams have been built worldwide to provide drinking water, flood control, hydropower, irrigation, navigation, and water storage. Dams do indeed provide these things,but at the cost of seve...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.971051050

    authors: Joyce S

    更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00

  • Strategies for setting occupational exposure limits for particles.

    abstract::To set occupational exposure limits (OELs) for aerosol particles, dusts, or chemicals, one has to evaluate whether mechanistic considerations permit identification of a no observed effect level (NOEL). In the case of carcinogenic effects, this can be assumed if no genotoxicity is involved, and exposure is considered s...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s51357

    authors: Greim HA,Ziegler-Skylakakis K

    更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00

  • Formation and persistence of 8-oxoguanine in rat lung cells as an important determinant for tumor formation following particle exposure.

    abstract::Exposure of rats to quartz (or various other particles) can lead to the development of lung tumors. At the moment, the mechanisms involved in particle-induced tumor formation are not clarified. However, it is suggested that inflammation, in conjunction with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an enhanc...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s51291

    authors: Nehls P,Seiler F,Rehn B,Greferath R,Bruch J

    更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00

  • Short-term inhalation and in vitro tests as predictors of fiber pathogenicity.

    abstract::A wide range of fiber types was tested in two in vitro assays: toxicity to A549 epithelial cells, as detachment from substrate, and the production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by rat alveolar macrophages. Three of the fibers were also studied in vivo, using short-term inhalation followed...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s51235

    authors: Cullen RT,Miller BG,Davis JM,Brown DM,Donaldson K

    更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00

  • Particulate-cell interactions and pulmonary cytokine expression.

    abstract::The type II cell plays an important role in the response of the alveolar epithelium after lung injury through its synthesis and secretion of pulmonary surfactant, and by acting as the stem cell for the replacement of damaged type I epithelial cells. The nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cell is thought to pla...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s51179

    authors: Finkelstein JN,Johnston C,Barrett T,Oberdörster G

    更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00

  • Cell signaling pathways elicited by asbestos.

    abstract::In recent years, it has become apparent that minerals can trigger alterations in gene expression by initiating signaling events upstream of gene transactivation. These cascades may be initiated at the cell surface after interaction of minerals with the plasma membrane either through receptorlike mechanisms or integrin...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s51121

    authors: Mossman BT,Faux S,Janssen Y,Jimenez LA,Timblin C,Zanella C,Goldberg J,Walsh E,Barchowsky A,Driscoll K

    更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00

  • Bioavailable transition metals in particulate matter mediate cardiopulmonary injury in healthy and compromised animal models.

    abstract::Many epidemiologic reports associate ambient levels of particulate matter (PM) with human mortality and morbidity, particularly in people with preexisting cardiopulmonary disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, infection, asthma). Because much ambient PM is derived from combustion sources, we tested the ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s51053

    authors: Costa DL,Dreher KL

    更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00

  • Exposure to regular gasoline and ethanol oxyfuel during refueling in Alaska.

    abstract::Although most people are thought to receive their highest acute exposures to gasoline while refueling, relatively little is actually known about personal, nonoccupational exposures to gasoline during refueling activities. This study was designed to measure exposures associated with the use of an oxygenated fuel under ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105850

    authors: Backer LC,Egeland GM,Ashley DL,Lawryk NJ,Weisel CP,White MC,Bundy T,Shortt E,Middaugh JP

    更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of a recombinant yeast cell estrogen screening assay.

    abstract::A wide range of chemicals with diverse structures derived from plant and environmental origins are reported to have hormonal activity. The potential for appreciable exposure of humans to such substances prompts the need to develop sensitive screening methods to quantitate and evaluate the risk to the public. Yeast cel...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105734

    authors: Coldham NG,Dave M,Sivapathasundaram S,McDonnell DP,Connor C,Sauer MJ

    更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00

  • Cancer chemoprevention and therapy by monoterpenes.

    abstract::Monoterpenes are found in the essential oils of many plants including fruits, vegetables, and herbs. They prevent the carcinogenesis process at both the initiation and promotion/progression stages. In addition, monoterpenes are effective in treating early and advanced cancers. Monoterpenes such as limonene and perilly...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s4977

    authors: Gould MN

    更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00

  • DNA damage-inducible genes as biomarkers for exposures to environmental agents.

    abstract::A biodosimetric approach to determine alpha-particle dose to the respiratory tract epithelium from known exposures to radon has been developed in the rat. Cytotoxicity assays have been used to obtain dose-conversion factors for cumulative exposures typical of those encountered by underground uranium miners. However, t...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s4913

    authors: Johnson NF,Carpenter TR,Jaramillo RJ,Liberati TA

    更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00

  • Methods for and approaches to evaluating susceptibility of ecological systems to hazardous chemicals.

    abstract::Differences in genetic susceptibility to hazardous chemicals affect individuals of both human and nonhuman populations. In both cases, differences in response to chemicals or general ill health result as a function of these differences in genetic susceptibility. However, ecological systems are a compilation of hundred...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s4843

    authors: Burger J

    更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00

  • Intercomparison of analytical methods for arsenic speciation in human urine.

    abstract::An intercomparison exercise was conducted for the quantification of arsenic species in spiked human urine. The primary objective of the exercise was to determine the variance among laboratories in the analysis of arsenic species such as inorganic As (As+3 and As+5), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic ac...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105650

    authors: Crecelius E,Yager J

    更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00

  • Metabolic activation of toxins: tissue-specific expression and metabolism in target organs.

    abstract::Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes catalyze the generation of reactive species capable of binding with cellular macromolecules, leading to acute and delayed toxicity. Since individual CYP forms differ markedly in their substrate preferences and regulation, the expression profiles of CYP in various cell types are important ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s4767

    authors: Pelkonen O,Raunio H

    更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00

  • Predicting health effects of exposures to compounds with estrogenic activity: methodological issues.

    abstract::Many substances are active in in vitro tests for estrogenic activity, but data from multigenerational and other toxicity studies are not available for many of those substances. Controversy has arisen, therefore, concerning the likelihood of adverse health effects. Based on a toxic equivalence factor risk assessment ap...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s3655

    authors: Rudel R

    更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00

  • Endogenous estrogens and breast cancer risk: the case for prospective cohort studies.

    abstract::It is generally agreed that estrogens, and possibly androgens, are important in the etiology of breast cancer, but no consensus exists as to the precise estrogenic or androgenic environment that characterizes risk, or the exogenous factors that influence the hormonal milieu. Nearly all the epidemiological studies cond...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s3587

    authors: Toniolo PG

    更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00

  • Environmental xenobiotics may disrupt normal endocrine function by interfering with the binding of physiological ligands to steroid receptors and binding proteins.

    abstract::The disruption of the reproductive system of male and female animals in the wild has been attributed to environmental chemicals (xenobiotics). The effects seen mirror alterations one might anticipate if the steroid hormone-dependent processes that regulate these systems were impaired. To determine whether xenobiotics ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105294

    authors: Danzo BJ

    更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00

  • Pavlovian conditioning and multiple chemical sensitivity.

    abstract::Pavlovian conditioning processes may contribute to some symptoms of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). This review summarizes the potential relevance of the literature on conditional taste and olfactory aversions, conditional sensitization, and conditional immunomodulation to understanding MCS. A conditioning-based ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s2521

    authors: Siegel S,Kreutzer R

    更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00

  • Individual differences in neural sensitization and the role of context in illness from low-level environmental chemical exposures.

    abstract::This paper summarizes the clinical phenomenology of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), outlines the concepts and evidence for the olfactory-limbic, neural sensitization model for MCS, and discusses experimental design implications of the model for exposure-related research. Neural sensitization is the progressive am...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s2457

    authors: Bell IR,Schwartz GE,Baldwin CM,Hardin EE,Klimas NG,Kline JP,Patarca R,Song ZY

    更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00

  • The biological exposure indices: a key component in protecting workers from toxic chemicals.

    abstract::Biological monitoring of exposure to chemicals in the workplace is an important component of exposure assessment and prevention of adverse health effects. It should be employed in conjunction with ambient air monitoring to provide information on the absorbed dose of a chemical agent and the effect of all routes of exp...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s1105

    authors: Morgan MS

    更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00

  • Risk of benzene-induced leukemia predicted from the Pliofilm cohort.

    abstract::This report updates the risk assessment by Crump and Allen for benzene-induced leukemia that was based on a cohort exposed to benzene in the manufacture of Pliofilm. The present study derives new risk estimates using data from follow-up through 1987 (whereas the earlier assessment only had follow-up available through ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.961041437

    authors: Crump KS

    更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical features of hematopoietic malignancies and related disorders among benzene-exposed workers in China. Benzene Study Group.

    abstract::Previous occupational cohort studies of benzene-exposed workers have for the most part used only death certificates to validate diagnoses of workers developing leukemia and other hematopoietic and lymphoproliferative malignancies and related disorders (HLD). In a follow-up study of 74,828 benzene-exposed workers and a...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.961041353

    authors: Linet MS,Yin SN,Travis LB,Li CY,Zhang ZN,Li DG,Rothman N,Li GL,Chow WH,Donaldson J,Dosemeci M,Wacholder S,Blot WJ,Hayes RB

    更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00

  • Myeloid leukemia after hematotoxins.

    abstract::One of the most serious consequences of cancer therapy is the development of a second cancer, especially leukemia. Several distinct subsets of therapy-related leukemia can now be distinguished. Classic therapy-related myeloid leukemia typically occurs 5 to 7 years after exposure to alkylating agents and/or irradiation...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.961041303

    authors: Larson RA,LeBeau MM,Vardiman JW,Rowley JD

    更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00

  • Impact of benzene metabolites on differentiation of bone marrow progenitor cells.

    abstract::Interleukin-3 (IL-3) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are responsible for maintaining survival and stimulating growth of early dormant hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). These cytokines exhibit extensive overlap, with GM-CSF supporting growth and differentiation of myeloid HPC. A charac...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.961041247

    authors: Irons RD,Stillman WS

    更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00

  • Cell-specific activation and detoxification of benzene metabolites in mouse and human bone marrow: identification of target cells and a potential role for modulation of apoptosis in benzene toxicity.

    abstract::The role of cell-specific metabolism in benzene toxicity was examined in both murine and human bone marrow. Hemopoietic progenitor cells and stromal cells are important control points for regulation of hemopoiesis. We show that the selective toxicity of hydroquinone at the level of the macrophage in murine bone marrow...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.961041177

    authors: Ross D,Siegel D,Schattenberg DG,Sun XM,Moran JL

    更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00

  • Assessing environmental chemicals for estrogenicity using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays.

    abstract::Because of rampant concern that estrogenic chemicals in the environment may be adversely affecting the health of humans and wildlife, reliable methods for detecting and characterizing estrogenic chemicals are needed. It is important that general agreement be reached on which tests to use and that these tests then be a...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.961041296

    authors: Shelby MD,Newbold RR,Tully DB,Chae K,Davis VL

    更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00

  • Prevalence and determinants of lead intoxication in Mexican children of low socioeconomic status.

    abstract::This paper reports on the prevalence of lead poisoning in children between 1 and 5 years of age living in a marginal area to the north of Mexico City and also includes an evaluation of sources of exposure to this metal in the same area. The results show that 67.5% of the children studied have blood lead (PbB) levels >...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.104-1469505

    authors: López-Carrillo L,Torres-Sánchez L,Garrido F,Papaqui-Hernández J,Palazuelos-Rendón E,López-Cervantes M

    更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00

  • Prediction of rodent carcinogenicity for 30 chemicals.

    abstract::Predictions of carcinogenic activity are made for 30 chemicals currently being assessed for rodent carcinogenicity by the U.S. National Toxicology Program. The predictions are based upon the chemical structure, the anticipated or reported mutagenicity, and the reported sub-chronic toxicity of each chemical. It is pred...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s51101

    authors: Ashby J

    更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00

  • A RASH analysis of National Toxicology Program data: predictions for 30 compounds to be tested in rodent carcinogenesis experiments.

    abstract::Relative potencies for 30 compounds scheduled for carcinogenic testing in the 2-year rodent bioassays were estimated based on comparisons with a wide variety of bioassay data for benzo[a]pyrene, nicotine, cisplatin, aflatoxin B1, and cyclophosphamide. Potential for oncogenic transformation of each of the compounds was...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s51017

    authors: Jones TD,Easterly CE

    更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00

  • United Kingdom Beryllium Registry: mortality and autopsy study.

    abstract::This report is based on 30 deaths from chronic beryllium disease (CBD) in the United Kingdom with details of 19 autopsies. The majority were fluorescent lamp workers and machinists who died from respiratory failure. There were no cases of lung cancer. The survival times ranged from less than 1 to 29 years and was long...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s5949

    authors: Williams WJ

    更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00

  • Human DNA adduct measurements: state of the art.

    abstract::Human DNA adduct formation (covalent modification of DNA with chemical carcinogens) is a promising biomarker for elucidating the molecular epidemiology of cancer. Classes of compounds for which human DNA adducts have been observed include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrosamines, mycotoxins, aromatic amin...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s5883

    authors: Poirier MC,Weston A

    更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00

1029 条记录 16/26 页 « 12...13141516171819...2526 »